New France and BNA

In about a week's time, we will be having our first unit test on New France and BNA. I've taken the opportunity to list some of the terms and big ideas that we've explored in class. Make sure you check Drop Box for any of the readings that you may have missed. I've been uploading all our information there as well. The following terms are limited to the knowledge component of the test. The big ideas will ask you to make connections between the past and the present, immigration and how Canada has developed a dual identity.

Missionaries (Jesuits): Their role was to convert Aboriginals to Catholicism

Soldiers: They defended the colony from Aboriginal tribes and other European groups

Labourers and Fur Traders: They literally built New France and/or traded with Aboriginals for fur in exchange for European goods

Fille du Roi: They were poor and often orphaned women who were granted passage and a dowry by the king to marry and settle in New France

Seigneurs & Seigneuries

Seigneurs were granted "seigneuries" (plots of land) in New France. They used "habitants" to work the land much like the feudal system. Seigneuries were...

• beside a river
• long and narrow
• given common plots of land for social events

Les Habitants

Habitant families worked on the land owned by seigneurs. They had lots of responsibilities including:

• growing crops and raising animals to support themselves
• giving a portion of what they made to the seigneurs for rent
• Pay taxes to the church and the government

Voyageurs and Coureur des bois: Voyageurs were fur traders who traded European goods (weapons and metallic objects) with Aboriginal tribes in exchange for beaver pelts. Coureur des bois (runners of the woods) did the same but operated illegally.

Deportation of the Acadians: Acadians were French settlers living in modern day Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Maine who we're deported from their lands for not swearing an oath of allegiance to the King of England.

Seven Years War: Lasting from 1756 to 1763, this was fought between the English and the French for control over North America. The English eventually won, having fought the last big battle on the Plains of Abraham. New France was no more.

Quebec Act (1774): After conquering the French, the English granted them certain rights such as:

• representation in government
• guaranteed protection of French language and religion
• expanded the borders of Quebec

The French stayed loyal to the English because of this.

American Revolution (1776): Because of the 7 Years War, the British raised taxes on the American Colonies and this led to anger and resentment against the British. With the Quebec Act as well (signed in 1774) this also prevented the 13 Colonies from expanding further west. They fought the British and won.

Loyalists: There were Americans who were still loyal to the British and after the end of the war, the left the 13 colonies and went and settled in parts of Quebec and later, Upper Canada (Ontario) bringing with them the English language and customs forever changing Canada.